To assesse the iron and silicon effects on the yield and physiological characteristics of green pea, Wando cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 gr per l-1) and silicon (0, 14 and 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh and dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Si in leaf and grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe and Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh and dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf and grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf and grain Zn and leaf Si and the application of Fe and Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf and grain Cu, Mn and Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe and Si significantly increased fresh and dry grain weight and Si laef concetration and decreased the concentratin of leaf and grain Fe and Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe and Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu and zinc leaf and grains, but the Si concentration of leaf and grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were decreased in leaf and grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity and the application of 0.1 g/l and 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

The aim of this study is to review and redefine the interaction process with information based on a holistic approach. The data required for this qualitative study were collected through semi-structured interviews among 18 individuals and analyzed using thematic analysis. The network of themes making up the information interactions consists of 5 global themes which have been extracted among 23 organizing ones. These themes include the beginning, orientation, networking and consolidation, which can be interpreted in terms of the symmetry theme as a kind of looking at humans and nonhumans in a three-layered context including the internal, external and technology-tools contexts. The new view of interaction with information has taken it beyond the interpretation scope from the human user’, s perspective and observes it alongside non-human factors. As a result of such an approach, the non-human factors in the role of infrastructure and technology-tool context, meet specific and interpretable effects along with human ones, external and internal contexts.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

The existence of political parties is one of the necessities of efficient elections, because holding elections with a focus on parties will make the programs of governing the country more mature and reduce the unreasonable number of candidates. the party electoral system is superior to the non-party electoral system. Now the question is what is the optimal pattern of interaction between the party system and the elections? Given that no research has been done under this title so far, it is important to investigate this issue. This research uses descriptive-analytical method. Findings show that number of parties, multiparty system is the most desirable form of interaction between parties and elections because it causes maximum participation of political tendencies in elections, but government stability, bipartisan system is desirable form. Is interaction. The model of a one-party, two-party system with one party winning is an undemocratic form of party-election interaction. The relationship between the number of parties and the electoral system has been justified under the heading of the "bipartisan law", which is the subject of controversy. The desired pattern of interaction between parties and elections also includes the participation of parties in the management of elections, election monitoring and the introduction of candidates so that elections are held in a healthy manner. In the discussion of the electoral financial system, the preferred model is the interaction of transparency and control over the expenses of political parties by setting restrictions and prohibitions on election expenses and the obligation to disclose and report.

Traditional lumped and conceptual hydrological models are appropriate for dealing with certain aspects of a major portion of current water resources management. However, more advanced tools are required for integrated water resources management. In this research, an integrated model to account for qualitative and quantitative stream-groundwater interactions is developed for application in large-scale, integrated, water resources management. One of the challenges in understanding the interactions between stream and groundwater systems lies in their different time scales. In this paper, the stream quantity model is developed and is embedded into groundwater quantity model using the couple method. Then the stream quality model and the groundwater quality model are integrated using an uncouple approach, with mesh generation to ensure stability of the numerical method. Confirmation of the coupled-uncoupled model was examined using analytical solution from previous studies.

In this paper, finite element method is used for interaction analysis to investigate the effects of a moving mass on a surface. In analysis procedure the sliding contact effects of vehicle wheel on a bridge have been taken into account by a proposed element. At the end, the motion of a mass on a bending beam (Biggs 1964, yang and yao 1970) has been verified, and its dynamic responses have been calculated and compared with New mark-beta method.

According to agency theory, the use of tools such as dividends and leverage can reduce the conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. However, the decision to use one or both of these tools simultaneously, as well as their interrelationships with the profitability of the company is not an easy choice. The present study aims to provide a model to explain the relationship between dividends, leverage and profitability with a simultaneous interaction approach among companies. To achieve the research objectives, 144 companies were selected in the period 2013 – 2018. To test the interrelationship between variables, simultaneous equation measurement methods of three-stage least squares (3SLS) and two-stage (2SLS) are applied. The results of examining the relationship between leverage and profitability based on each 2SLS and 3SLS methods show a positive effect of leverage on companies' profitability, but profitability based on 3SLS method has a simultaneous negative interaction on leverage. Also, the study of the simultaneous relationship between profitability and payable interest showed that these two variables have significant positive mutual effects on each other. The results of the study of the simultaneous interactions of dividends and leverage show that both models emphasize that higher payable interest will lead to higher leverage. However, the simultaneous interaction of leverage on dividends is different in the two models, and this is the only contradiction between the results of these two methods in this study. And in 3SLS a negative effect of leverage on dividends is shown, but 2SLS shows the opposite effect.